Friday, May 28, 2010

Cover Crops

I’ve been trying my hand at Cover Crops this year, after each summer and winter harvest was over, to keep weeds down and enrich the soil.


Last Year’s Cover Crop
Last Fall (more like November by the time I got around to it) I planted Austrian Peas in the Summer half of the front garden as well as all over the back garden. The back garden Austrian peas came up sparsely and were not very vigorous (no pictures), but I didn’t plant them as thickly as the front garden, and the soil isn’t as good back there.


Austrian Peas
These were recommended to me by Farmer K and Farmer C, especially since they are tasty to eat as plants from late Fall through early Spring. I had never planted seed not in a row, but quickly figured out a reasonable method to uncover a square foot at a time, spread seeds, then cover the square foot back up. This probably made for very thick planting, but the seeds are cheap and it was easy enough to plant.

November 2009, Austrian Peas

Early May 2010, Austrian Peas

By the way, the farmers were right, these were very tasty. Like a grassy pea, but very fresh tasting, getting less tasty after the New Year. Great crop to grow, and fairly easy to remove a few weeks ago (early May). I left them in as long as possible until I was ready to plant, they were waist high by that point! Pulling them up went fairly well, a good grasp go much of the root structure, but I tried to leave the rhizomes in for extra nitrogen. These peas had huge rhizomes and were fun to look at (pictures next year).


Wheat!
I planted some in a smallish strip last fall as a cover crop for an area that had sod clumps in it still... just call me “The Little Red Hen”


November 2009, Wheat

Late May 2009, Wheat
Looks like it’s getting ready to harvest, it has to dry out a little more, then on with the threshing and winnowing! Good thing I already have a grain mill from Eric as a holiday present last year (see So Cheesy and Cracker-y).


This year’s cover crop (Summer 2010)

For a summer cover crop for the half of the front garden that gets more sunlight, I chose a mixture of wheat, rye, and austrian peas. I planted thickly in late April, and didn’t have enough seed for the whole area, so I got some buckwheat seeds for the rest, but they haven’t come up yet (as of May 28th 2010).

I’m planning to pull out this cover crop in August, in time to plant the winter garden, just enough time to have them keep out the weeds and add bulk for composting.


Early May cover crop (Wheat, Rye, Peas)

Late May cover crop (Wheat, Rye, Peas)


Friday, May 21, 2010

Italy and Food


Under the Tuscan Sun / The Reluctant Tuscan
Okay, okay, I know these books have a bad rap, just another bunch of rich Americans falling in love with Italy, buying broken down farm houses and writing about their cultural appropriation experiences, but...
Actually reading these books, the authors didn’t come across as preachy, it was much more about their own experiences of visiting and living in Italy.
I’m planning a trip to Italy next year, and these books make me even more excited about wandering around the countryside eating good food and good wine, and maybe even pass as fratelli (brothers), not always stanieri (foreigners).
Under the Tuscan Sun is full of descriptions of discovery in another country, and how far you can go with a sense of adventure and curiosity to experience life. Many parts are related to food, but many others remind me a lot of my own experiences getting to know where I live, even if it’s just in my backyard, and having a sense of awe and wonder, like you were searching for treasure and found it. Here are a few of my favorite quotes:
We hauled histories and guides and wildflower books and novels in and out of rented houses and hotels. Always we asked local people where they liked to eat and headed to restaurants our many guidebooks never mentioned. We both have an insatiable curiosity about each jagged castle ruin on the hillside. My idea of heaven still is to drive the gravel farm roads of Umbria and Tuscany, very pleasantly lost. (p. 8)
and
People travel for as many reasons as they don’t travel. ‘I’m so glad I went to London, a friend told me in college, ‘Now I don’t ever have to go again.’ At the opposite end of the spectrum is my friend Charlotte who crossed China in the back of a truck, an alternate route to Tibet...Once in a place, that journey to the far interior of the psyche begins or it doesn’t. Something must make it yours, that ineffable something no book can capture. It can be so simple, like the light I saw on the faces of the three women walking with their arms linked when the afternoon sun slanted into the Rugapiana. That light seemed to fall like a benison on everyone beneath it. I, too, wanted to soak my skin under such a sun. (p. 145)
The Reluctant Tuscan is refreshing because it doesn’t start off by describing the wonders and glories of Italy, or make it sound like all foodies should pick up and move to Italy. Duran doesn’t hate Italy and then come to love it, there’s a more subtle transition to mutual appreciation that happens. There are a few sharply authentic experiences he has at first, mixed in with all of the other hilarity of living in a foreign country, and he slowly comes to recognize, crave, and embrace the Italian way of life the more time he spends there (the authentic beautiful parts as well as the crazy driving and boisterous attitudes of his italian friends and associates).

Slow Food: The Case for Taste, by Carlo Petrini

Another reason to love Italy is that the Slow Food Movement started there, after McDonalds dared to put a branch in near the Spanish Steps in Rome. Carlo Petrini, a founding member, protested with others, and formed Slow Food to work to “counteract fast food and fast life, the disappearance of local food traditions and people’s dwindling interest in the food they eat, where it comes from, how it tastes and how our food choices affect the rest of the world.”
Sometimes the Slow Food movement seems too academic to me, it’s more about the ideas and less about people’s actual food experiences, as if everyone MUST be perfectly mindful at every meal and only eat heritage, or most authentic varieties of foods, not just something you humbly grew in your yard, it’s like bourgeoise home grown.
But it’s a heck of a lot better than McDonalds and the like taking over our food experience. I always want/hope that Slow Food will focus more on how people get adopt, to really feel the Slow Food experience, and not just talk about it. I think for Italians they probably just get it already, because of their food culture and implicit understanding of Terroir (Look for a future blog post about French Terrior, by Amy Trubeck). But for most food consumers in the United States, they/we need to learn or relearn the experience of food, so it would be good to know how we learn and relearn to have deep, authentic experiences of food.
Slow Food International is mostly involved in encouraging producers to grow (and people to eat) more diverse and traditional, and locally relevant varieties of foods (such as Barbara Kingsolver’s heritage turkeys) that are at risk of extinction, through their “Ark of Taste” program.

I read this article in the Summer 2009 issue of Gastronomica (see this blog post) about a soup that was such a regional specialty that the American author’s Italian friends had never heard or tasted it, and couldn’t identify the ingredients until the waiter told them they were eating Rooster Comb (you know, the part that flops around on the top of the rooster’s head). For this soup, the comb is cleaned and the tough leathery cover is peeled away to reveal a rubbery gelatinous, but evidentially full of chicken-y goodness flavor.
It’s articles like this that make me even more curious about visiting Italy. The experience of tasting delicious food that’s so specific to a region that it’s unknown outside of it seems so utterly un-American-Industrial-Food-System. There’s no reason that we can’t have our own regional specialties, but we certainly don’t have that kind of strong terroir like Italians (or French, or various other European cultures).

Barbara Kingsolver in Italy
In her book Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (see upcoming blog post), Barbara Kingsolver takes a break from her year of urban homesteading to go to Italy. Her brief descriptions made me want to go to Italy even more! My favorite parts of her journey included:
  • Stopping by a roadside produce stand, buying a crazy looking melon for the seeds, convincing the hotel staff to let her cut it open in their kitchen, and spending most of the rest of the trip drying the seeds in various hotel rooms and then packing them up in a towel to move them to the next hotel room on her trip.
  • Descriptions of watching Italian men’s slow (and intensely serious) savoring of their food (and her Husband’s adoption of Italian food savoring practices), and her warning (or promise?) to travelers to be ready for spending most of their time in Italy slowly eating their multi-course meals.
Around the Tuscan Table
This delightful ethnography of a multigenerational Italian family gives a glimpse into Italian food culture ranging in time from peasant life in the early 1900s all the way to modern food traditions with women struggling to provide good food for their families while keeping up a more busy (and potentially employed) life, and younger men expressing apathy towards traditional italian foods. Despite many Italian’s transition to “modern” living, all the members of the family still talked in great length about their food practices and food culture, something that might embarrass or confuse food consumers from the U.S. The author described how some of her study participants (especially the older ones) seemed disconcerted that she wanted to hear about their food experiences as children, when they were very poor, as if they thought it should be very obvious what it was like to cure their own olives or go hunting for rabbits, but, nonetheless, they were happy to tell the author about their experiences, since she explained that she really didn’t share their knowledge and experiences. It was almost as if the older participants couldn’t believe that someone could become an adult and not know these (to them) basic food practices. As mentioned above, it would certainly be possible for Americans to talk about their food experiences with the same honesty as Italians, but so often we either don’t know how to talk about food, or want to talk about food in an elitist, overly verbose way (see the future post on The Taste of Place by Trubek).


Needless to say, I’m very! excited about traveling to Italy to eat, explore, and become pleasantly lost.

Tuesday, May 11, 2010

So Cheesy (and Cracker-y)

I had a revelation: I can make crackers AND I can make cheese...It is not only possible, but relatively easy to make crackers and cheese. It all started when I tasted some oat crackers my mom made, with just a few ingredients: oat flour (oats ground in an electric coffee bean grinder), salt, water, and rolled onto sesame seeds. I had given up eating crackers because I didn’t like how many preservatives the ones that tasted good had in them, but these little oat crackers were really tasty! I started experimenting using different types of grain from the bulk aisle at the grocery store, and started using a pastry stamp I picked up at a garage sale and voila! tasty multigrain pretty little crackers! I love using local wheat from my Farmer K, too, grown in Carver, Oregon, that I helped harvest last year. Also, Eric bought me a hand crank grain mill as a holiday present last year, which does a much better job (in terms of fine grain and consistency) than the coffee grinder. So I guess I can always fall back on my cracker making skills as a job if I need to :-)

Here’s a very basic cracker recipe (I’m not ready to share my super tasty secret recipe quite yet):

½ cups Water
1 ½ cups Flour, Oat flour is the tastiest
1 teaspoons Salt
4 tablespoons Seeds (sesame or flax)

Directions

  1. Mix water, flour and salt in a bowl
  2. Roll onto seeds directly onto baking pan, to between 1/4 and 1/8 inch thick
  3. Score with pizza cutter into 20 crackers. Stamp with pattern (optional)
  4. Bake at 350 degrees for about 40 min (depends on thickness), until completely firm

I mentioned a grain mill earlier. It’s a really great thing to have if you’re really into baking, because you get more control over your flour. Fresh flour is a completely different food than store bought flour, it smells pungent, sort of piney, and is more moist than store bought flour. The local wheat I get from my farmer is a softer wheat as well, so when I bake with it things are less cakey more corn-meal-like, but very delicious. I got a Wondermill Junior Deluxe grain mill, with stone burrs, so it can’t do oily seeds like flax or any kind of nut, because it will gum up the burrs, but works great for all the grains I’ve tried.

Here’s a picture of me trying out the mill. It takes me about 20 minutes to grind 2 cups (I think, still need to time it more), but it’s good arm exercise, so I’m not really worried about the practicality.



As for the cheese-making, I found out about the New England Cheese Making Supply Company from Barbara Kingsolver’s Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (look for a future blog post). From there, I discovered the founder of the New England Cheese Making Supply Company, Rikki Caroll, and her book, Home Cheese Making


Monday, May 10, 2010

Future Farmers of America in Edible Portland - Kids and Food

In the Winter 2010 Issue of Edible Portland there was a great article about Future Farmers of America, describing the renewed interest in farming skills. There may be hope for agriculture and animal husbandry after all! The program doesn’t exactly teach sustainable farming or animal raising practices, but it does provide kids with small business skills as well as technical / trade skills related to food, like butchering and small scale farming (it’s not just for hippies anymore!). The culture of the organization seems like something I wouldn’t really fit in with (fairly conservative), but it seems like an organization that is leaning towards common ground of real people making good real food. I’m considering trying to study some of these kids for my dissertation, to explore their experiences of food from a more conservative perspective than my current study subjects, urban farmers.
Last year I was reviewing vendors for the Farmers Market at Portland State University in the Park Blocks for recruiting participants for my study, I came across a listing for Food Works:
"Food Works is a youth-run farm project based in North Portland that uses farming to support youth to develop their skills, engage in their community, and increase their leadership and involvement in the food system."
Which made me think about the movie Ingredients (see post in a few days), especially the part about taking kids to working farms to help reconnect kids with food. This is another angle to take, talking with urban kids before visiting the farm and after (and follow up). It might be interesting to study the transition that kids go thorough, but probably would be hard for kids to articulate change...but there ARE more programs, so it is still interesting...
I’m also thinking about studying a different population altogether, people who have never gardened before, have picked it up recently, and found unexpected benefits that compel them to continue, either in the context of garden programs in prisons (see the same Winter 2010 Issue for A Prison Garden) or for low income community gardeners. Talking with people about my project, both of these suggestions came up, since both groups have been used in some studies about gardening as therapy or as exercise, etc.

Gastronomica - the Journal of Food and Culture

There are lots of fantastic, thought provoking, and just downright tasty articles packed into each issue of this magazine! I was looking for a magazine to regularly read, that was stimulating, giving me new ideas about experiences of food, senses of place, and sustainability. Gastronomica has really hit the spot. Here’s a few of the articles that are my recent favorites, and I’ll be writing about more:
  • Spring 2009 - On the Trail of Tilleul | Kelly Gibson
    French Linden Tree harvest, used for traditional herbal infusion
  • Spring 2009 - memoir - What We Ate Back Then | Jimmye Hillman
  • Summer 2009 - regional fare - Utica Greens: Central New York's Italian-American Specialty | Naomi Guttman and Roberta L. Krueger
  • Summer 2009 - La Finanziera | Francine Segan
    Cock Comb Soup in Northern Italy
  • Fall 2009 - libations - Perry | Cherry Ripe
    Traditional fermented pear libation
  • Fall 2009 - at the movies - This Ain't Burger King | Vanessa Gregory
    Films for Southern Foodways Alliance by Joe York
  • Fall 2009 - Book Reviews - Yquem | Tara Q. Thomas
    French dessert wine

Saturday, May 8, 2010

Neighborhood Organizations

On December 24th, 2009 there was a drive-by shooting at a duplex half a block away on my street. Eric and I jumped out of bed onto the floor, and I called 911. No one was harmed, the shooter just hit a car and the duplex a few houses away. The shooter was apprehended a few days later, but the whole event was a big wake up call to the entire neighborhood. We had noticed what looked like drug dealing involving two of the young men who lived or hung out at the duplex, but didn’t really want to get involved, but after the shooting we went to our Neighborhood Association meeting to see what we could do.
We are part of the Brentwood-Darlington Neighborhood, which has a fairly active Neighborhood Association that meets every first Thursday of the month. Our Association was a great place to start, everyone was very supportive and we met more neighbors who lived near our street and were also very concerned.
The house that was shot up (the “drug house”) was a rental, so we decided to write the owner and plead with them to evict their tenants (the drug dealing ones, not the tenants on the other side of the duplex). We looked up the owner using PortlandMaps, wrote a letter with our neighbor, then took it to most of our neighbors on our block for their signatures as well.
Some of our neighbors hadn’t heard about the shooting, but still had a lot to say about what they wanted to see change on our block (and at times I had to stop them, not wanting to hear more accusations, gossip, or rumors about various groups of “those people”). All in all, it was a great opportunity to meet my community and come together on an issue we were all concerned about (or became concerned about once they heard about it).
We worked with the owner of the property that was shot at (she didn’t even know about the shooting, her Management Company didn’t tell her and she lived out of the city), and there are now new tenants in the duplex. We also formed a Neighborhood Watch for longer term community building and increasing public safety (I’m the block captain). That’s been a little slow to move forward, but there was a great first meeting. Again, it was great just to meet neighbors and start to build more community. Here are some projects the Neighborhood Watch is probably going to work on in the near future:
  • Foot Patrol, in the evenings around Woodmere Elementary (to increase community presence and discourage drug & alcohol use in the park and school grounds)
  • Increased street lighting on the south side of the Woodmere park
  • Neighborhood Watch signs
  • Graffiti removal (especially at Duke and 78th on the fence and on traffic light posts)
  • Bus Shelter at Duke and 78th, Westbound
  • Recruiting and welcoming more / new neighbors to the Neighborhood Watch
We’ve already seen more of a police presence around the school, which is nice to see. Growing up I was very anti-police, it seems like they had nothing better to do than harass us kids when we weren’t doing anything against the law (being an unschooler out on the town during school hours probably didn’t help, but still), or trying to give kids their police-baseball-card things (message: Cops are cool when they harass people!). But in this case, I’m really happy to see the police, and all interactions I’ve had with them (or witnessed) has been good. This is not to say I’m completely pro-police in Portland, I know there’s a lot of issues people have, but I think near our school, it’s nice to have the police around to discourage vandalism, drugs and alcohol, in addition to our community safety efforts.
I plan on going to the Neighborhood Association meetings as much as possible, and staying engaged in my very local community, it feels great to know more of my neighbors and increase my social sense of place!
Resources